Essay on Global Warming - 2299 Words

The sky is falling, the sky is falling! Growing up I heard this phrase in folktales as a â€Å"wolf cry†-- a cry that is so ridiculous that nobody would believe it. Now that global warming is a major environmental issue, the saying doesn’t sound so out of place. Most people might say: what is global warming? That’s the question that was running through my mind when I first heard we were watching a documentary on it in my class. The film is Al Gore’s An Inconvenient Truth and it is about the causes of global warming and what it is doing to our planet. Being an environmentally involved citizen and growing up with conservative Republicans as parents, I was torn between not really liking Gore and this extreme reality that I felt was an†¦show more content†¦This is called the greenhouse effect. This entrapped CO2 is causing glaciers all around the world to melt, creating heat waves on the earth, increasing ocean temperatures, precipitation, and droughts, shifting seasons, and melting ice caps. The issue of heat waves really caught my attention, as they will increase and be unbearable for people to live in. In 2003, for example, there was a heat wave in Europe that reached over 120 degrees and killed 35,000 Europeans (Gore 2006). Ocean temperatures and increased precipitation will cause horrific storms such as hurricanes, typhoons, tornados, and stronger wind and rain storms. Gore claims that we’ve already seen this in the past couple of years with hurricanes like Katrina; in the past ten years the U.S. had an all time record for tornadoes in 2004 and Japan had an all time record for typhoons another year. Studies also show that ice caps have diminished at an unbelievable rate of 40% in the past 40 years! This melting is suspected to raise sea levels by around 80 feet which would flood major cities like San Francisco, Manhattan, Beijing, Shanghai, India, and more, displacing and killing hundreds and millions of people (Gore, 2006). Imagine the effects of Hurricane Katrina times one hundred. Shifted seasons and environmental changes will lead to the extinction of animals. In the film Gore stated that scientists wereShow MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And The Warming1544 Words   |  7 PagesGlobal warming has become a well conversed topic among scientists and peoples in the world today. There are extremists who do everything possible to stop contributing to the warming, but the average person does little to alleviate the issue and in many cases refuses to acknowledge that there is a problem at all. Dating back to millions of years ago, even before humanity was born, the world has always experienced one form or another of warming; so the warming seen today is not as bizarre as many mayRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Warming1353 Words   |  6 P agesGlobal Warming With it being the presidential election season the talk of global warming, also known as climate change has come up in conversation more. But should it be associated with whether you are republican or democrat? Global warming should not be rather you â€Å"believe† in because it is a stated fact. The definition by Oxford Dictionary declares that global warming is a gradual increase in the overall temperature of the earth s atmosphere generally attributed to the greenhouse effect causedRead MoreThe Warming And Global Warming1442 Words   |  6 PagesThe Warming World Around Us The world is warming and we cannot deny it, the longer we deny the larger the problem it will become. Global warming is affecting the world economy, the overall health of the population, and most importantly the environment that surrounds us. Ignoring this problem will not just make it suddenly disappear; the world has to make an effort to stop it while it can still be maintained. Accepting the fact that it is happening is just the first step, the next step is takingRead MoreGlobal Warming1677 Words   |  7 PagesThrough the eyes of most scientists, global warming is seen as a very serious and severe threat. The actions taken by humans, such as industry and consumption of fossil fuels plus the increase in population and agriculture have played a big part in global warming. If something is not done soon the results could be very bad. By the middle of the twenty first century, there is evidence that the Earth will be warmer than it has been at any time in human history, and quite possibly since theRead MoreGlobal Warming1410 Words   |  6 PagesGlobal warming was first mentioned by ‘Svante August Arrhenius in 1896’, but in ‘1753, Joseph Black discovered carbon dioxide’ and in ‘1827, Jean-Batiste Fourier suggested that atmospheric effect kept the earth warmer than it would otherwise be’, (Direct.gov. n.d. A history of climate change). Since this time, reports, and study have be done with graphs to show the impact of global warming and what could happen to our planet. In 1979, the first conference was held this was called ‘International climateRead MoreGlobal Warming1245 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming The major threat of today’s world is global warming. Due to various reasons global warming turns out to be a serious issue in the last few years. Today people believe in global warming while this concept was not so much believed and people interpreted in some other meanings what was happening in the past. Global warming is amplification in the temperature of earth because of industrial pollution, fossil fuels, and agricultural practices caused by human being, other and natural gasRead MoreGlobal Warming1316 Words   |  6 PagesControversy over Global Warming One of the largest argued topics in our world today is over global warming. People argue that is real, and others argue that it is fake. The effects of global warming create a growing danger for the ecosystem we live in by damaging glaciers and weather patterns. Humans contribute to global warming yet non-believers will think otherwise. Global warming is the greatest challenge facing our planet. According to the IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change) mostRead Moreglobal warming1539 Words   |  7 Pagesof global climate over long periods of time. Climate model projections made by the US Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that, recently, global temperature has increased. This increase in temperature is referred to as global warming. One of the main causes of global warming is greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases are gases in the atmosphere that absorb solar radiation to keep the planet warm. These gases have increased, so more solar radiation is trapped ins ide raising global temperaturesRead MoreGlobal Warming1050 Words   |  5 PagesTake a position: Global warming is a real problem. 1000 word Essay. Using persuasive technique Global warming is the increase in the average temperature of Earth’s surface. Since the late 1800’s, the global average temperature has increased about 0.7 to 1.4 degrees F (0.4 to 0.8degree C). Climate change is happening and its effects are real. However, the larger the change in climate, the more negative the consequences will become. Global warming will make life harder for mostRead MoreGlobal Warming1192 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Warming Essay Global warming is an important issue for humans to consider and science to figure out. Personally I don’t care very much about global warming and have never been active in green movements. The evidence presented in this class is very informative and useful when taking into account the numerous known and unknown causes and cures for global warming. However, my attitude towards global warming is unchanged. According to the Common Attitudes Toward Global Warming handout I think

What Were the Purposes of Pyramids Egypt - 544 Words

Egypt is a country in Africa and has a large population,and Egypt is a republic in northeastern of africa and there is a lot of people in egypt because some of them helped build pyramids and the largest pyramids is 500 feet tall.What Were the Purposes of the Pyramids in Egypt. By Cody Hodge. What Did the pyramids represent? 1. The ancient Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for their Pharaohs. A Pharaoh would begin planning his house of eternity, as soon as he took the throne. This was because the Egyptian pyramids held many items in preparation for the afterlife. For what purpose were the pyramids erected? No hint was found in the hieroglyphic literature. Already in Greek authors debated this question. In the fifth century before the present era Herodotus gave a detailed account of their construction, of their purpose.The Evolution of the Egyptian Pyramid. The Evolution of the Egyptian Pyramid Today the pyramid has the appearance of a large three-stepped pyramid. In contrast to earlier theories forwarding the idea of a sudden collapse, the present state of the pyramid is one of being in the midst of construction and being stripped This idea is evidenced by the fact that the lower casing stones found in the mound at the base of the pyramid show far fewer signs of erosion than those from the upper rea ches of the pyramid- Google Search. - Google Search. When were the pyramids built? In ancient times, monuments were built for the rest ofShow MoreRelatedThe Pyramids Of Giza Pyramids929 Words   |  4 PagesWhen I think of Egypt and hieroglyphics the first thing that has always come to mind has always been the Great pyramids of Giza. The pyramids of Giza in total are three, these are some of the most famous pyramids in the world and some of the most famous landmarks of Egypt. Growing up I would always think of one day traveling to egypt and climbing to the top. This is why I decided to do my research paper on this work of art and great monument of art history. With this paper I was able toRead MoreHistorical Characteristics Of Ancient Egypt Essay1299 Words   |  6 Pagesmolded by the location of the civilization is Egypt. Egypt is located in Northern Africa and is surrounded by and impacted by the Sahara Desert, Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, and running through the civilization is the Nile River. These geographical characteristics play a vital role in the development of the politics, religion, and architecture of the ancient Egypt civilization. Before explaining the developments of these disciplines of ancient Egypt, these geographical characteristics and theirRead MoreThe Massive Mystery Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesFor centuries people have given a diverse collection of theories as to how the ancient pyramids were constructed. The Great Pyramid of Giza is truly an incredible architectural accomplishment. This pyramid in particular is commonly referred to as the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the ancient world. Some believe that the Egyptians had developed technology that has simply been lost in time. Others think they had help from extraterrestrial beings. The reality of the construction relied on human laborRead MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1382 Words   |  6 Pageswill examine the Great Pyramid of Giza during the Fourth Dynasty, the period in which it was built. My purpose for this topic is to not only educate myself further in the humanities of Ancient Egypt but to also get a better understanding of how the art r elates to the people and their lives, I will do so by examining how and when The Great Pyramid of Giza and the surrounding pyramids were built, then how the culture of the people at the time influenced the making of the pyramid, and finally I will discussRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Pyramids : The Seven Wonders Of The World1206 Words   |  5 PagesThe Egyptian Pyramids The seven wonders of the world: the Temple of Artemis at Ephesus, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the Lighthouse of Alexandria, the Statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, the Colossus of Rhodes, and of course, the Great Pyramids of Giza. (telegraph.co.uk) The Great Pyramids of Giza, built between 2584 and 2561 B.C, are located twelve miles from the capital of egypt, Cairo. (ancient.eu) They were the tallest man made structures in the world for 3800 yearsRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia917 Words   |  4 PagesArchitecture in Egypt and Mesopotamia When you think about ancient architecture, what questions arise? Do you ask yourself about its history, durability, and structure? For example, Egypt is known for its pyramids, while Mesopotamia is known for its temple. Both are influential and recognizable after so many years and will continue to be for years to come, those questions come without a doubt to mind. In the following paragraphs, these questions will be answered and explainedRead MoreAncient Egypt : Ancient Egyptian Art1308 Words   |  6 Pages Religious Architechture in ancient Egypt Egyptian art has journeyed through the centuries as one of the most influential phenomenon in human civilization. From the Greeks to the Romans to the people of today, Egyptians and their beautiful representations in art and architecture have proven a legacy in the creations of certain landmarks, statues, and even advertisements. The Greeks derived many of their statues from Egyptian sculptures, such as the Kouros 600 B.C.Read MoreThe Great Pyramid Of Giza1138 Words   |  5 Pagesmillennias they were the tallest structures of the entire world. And yet we are still baffled as to how they were built. The Pyramids! We find these mysterious, immense, and fascinating structures throughout the world. We gaze at them in wonder and ask ourselves: who built them? How were they built? what were they used for? and, when were they built? The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldestRe ad MoreThe Achievements Of Ancient Egypt1291 Words   |  6 PagesTemples, tombs and pyramids have all witnessed this earth for thousands of years. These architectural achievements show us that Egypt s greatest virtue lie in its architecture. One Ancient Egypt’s greatest cultural achievements was undoubtedly in their architecture associated with religion. If you were to travel to Egypt what would you expect to see? Pyramid after temple after tomb, each standing the test of time. They all stand out, they are all associated with religious beliefs, they all haveRead MoreEssay on Development of Ancient Egypt823 Words   |  4 Pagesin Egypt. The Nile River, the longest river in the world, begins in heart of Africa and courses northwards for thousands of miles. The areas that spanned 7 miles on both banks of river were capable of producing abundant harvests. Flooding was gradual and predictable in contrast to Mesopotamian rivers. Like Mesopotamia, Egypt was a river valley civili zation. The economy in Egypt was a command economy. The government ordered the citizens to work and decided what goods and services they were to produce

Destin Brass Products Free Essays

Destin Brass Products Co. Case 1. Cost: Material $22 Set-up Labor $0. We will write a custom essay sample on Destin Brass Products or any similar topic only for you Order Now 48 Direct Labor $6. 4 Machine Depreciation (0. 2 hours per unit *$25 per hour of use) $5 Receiving and Material Handing (78% * $220000/4000) $42. Engineering (50%*$100000/4000) $12. 5 Packing and Shipping (73%*$60000/4000) $10. 95 Maintenance (7%*$30000/4000) $0. 525 Total Cost per Flow Controller $100. 755 2 Cost| Traditional| Revised| ABC| Set-up| 16. 45%| 71. 43%| 71. 43%| Machine Depreciation| 16. 45%| 7. 4%| 7. 4%| Receiving Handling| 16. 45%| 19. 2%| 78%| Engineering| 16. 45%| 7. 4%| 50%| Packing Shipping| 16. 45%| 7. 4%| 73%| Maintenance| 16. 45%| 7. 4%| 7%| 0. 4*4000*16/9725*16 = 16. 45% 12*10/168 = 71. 43% 0. 2 * 4000/10800 = 7. 4% 3. Under the traditional cost accounting system, the company allocated the total overhead cost assigned to production on the basis of production-run labor cost. The unit labor cost of flow controllers is $6. 4. The unit overhead cost allocated to it is only $28. 10. When using the revised cost accounting system, the company allocated the overhead cost based on machine hours. The machine hour of flow controllers is the lowest among the three products. So whether the company uses direct labor dollars or machine hours, the overhead costs allocated to flow controllers are relatively low since they consume less of this cost basis. When use ABC system, the company allocates the overhead cost on the basis of transactions. Among all the products, the company spends 78% of its receiving and materials handling, 73% of packing and shipping and 50% of engineering efforts on flow controllers. Since flow controller production use most of the transactions, the costs assigned to flow controllers are higher under ABC than they are under the traditional cost accounting system. 4. After using the ABC costing system, more overhead costs are allocated to flow controllers and less to valves and pump. Since other factors are stay the same, the net income for valves and pumps will increase and the net income for flow controllers will decrease. Income does not change. How to cite Destin Brass Products, Papers

Caso Essay Example For Students

Caso Essay Contabilidad de Gestion Balduino de bicicletas Robin L. M. Cheung Estudiante # 0024338 Profesor D. Armishaw Lunes, 11 de febrero 2002 A621 Contabilidad de Gestion La Universidad de McMaster http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas Robin L. M. Cheung 140 Robinson St. , Suite 305 Hamilton ON 4R6 L8P (905) 522-0621 [emailprotected] ca Suzanne Leister Baldwin empresa de bicicletas 225 Byers carretera Miamisburg, OH 45342 10 de febrero 2002 Estimada Sra. Leister: Segun su peticion, he revisado la propuesta de Hi-Valu Challenger programa. A primera vista, esta propuesta parece ofrecer atractivos ingresos incrementales y los ingresos. Sin duda alguna, mejorar el retorno sobre la inversion de Baldwin. Los terminos de esta propuesta, sin embargo, apartarse de la practica estandar. Hi-Valu insiste en que las bicicletas se les venden a un precio inferior al precio normal de distribuidor BBC para preservar los margenes de Hi-Valu. Ademas, las bicicletas serian enviados a los almacenes regionales Hi-Valu en consigna y paga solo cuando habian transcurrido 120 dias o la bicicleta fue enviado a una tienda Hi-Valu, lo que ocurra primero. El pago seria neto de 30 dias. analisis pertinentes costo revelo que el acuerdo Challenger podria ser una lucrativa fuente de ingresos adicionales, ya que las 25. 000 unidades adicionales se podrian producir durante el tiempo de la planta de holgura, sin embargo, como una linea de valor de descuento, el programa Challenger no se alinea estrategicamente con el mejor BBC costo estrategia de los proveedores (Porter, 1980). Ademas, el desembolso de capital inicial de 787. 000 dolares para el proyecto superan los recursos disponibles de la BBC. Se recomienda que la BBC de perseguir un acuerdo a corto plazo con Hi-Valu o un minorista de descuentos que compiten para producir las bicicletas en condiciones mas favorables de credito, o de preservar una distribucion normal de la linea de productos de la BBC a traves de cadenas de distribucion alternativos. Si usted decide investigar mas a fondo la formacion de alianzas de distribucion con otras cadenas de distribucion, por favor no dude en ponerse en contacto conmigo. Atentamente, http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas Robin L. M. Cheung EExxeeccuut TTI iivvee SSuummmmaar rryy Baldwin Bicycle Company (BBC) es una bicicleta de gama media de lineas completas de fabricacion, con la compania 40 anos de experiencia. BBC produjo 98. 791 unidades Contables por mas de $ 10MM en ingresos en 1982, con una espera de 100. 000 unidades durante los proximos tres anos. Distribuido en exclusiva a traves de minoristas de propiedad independiente y tiendas especializadas de bicicletas, bicicletas BBC son conocidos por su calidad superior a la media. En mayo de 1983, la cadena de un descuento del noroeste de rapido crecimiento al por menor, Hi-Valu, se acerco a Suzanne Leister, vicepresidente de Marketing, y propuso un acuerdo sobre marcas propias. Bajo este nuevo programa, BBC fabricacion de la linea de bicicletas Challenger â„ ¢ en exclusiva para Hi-Valu. La linea Challenger iba a ser un valor de bicicletas de bajo costo, que se vende a precios al por menor bajo las lineas de producto normal de la BBC. Esto daria lugar a la canibalizacion espera de un estimado de 3. 00 unidades, pero las ventas incrementales de 25. 000 unidades. Los terminos de esta propuesta, sin embargo, apartarse de la practica estandar. Hi-Valu insiste en que las bicicletas se les venden a un precio inferior al precio normal de distribuidor BBC para preservar los margenes de Hi-Valu. Ademas, las bicicletas serian enviados a los almacenes regionales Hi-Valu en consigna y paga solo cuando habian transcurrido 120 dias o la bicicleta fue enviado a una tienda Hi-Valu, lo que ocurra primero. El pago seria neto de 30 dias. nalisis pertinentes costo revelo que el acuerdo Challenger podria ser una lucrativa fuente de ingresos adicionales, ya que las 25. 000 unidades adicionales se podrian producir durante el tiempo de la planta de holgura, sin embargo, como una linea de valor de descuento, el programa Challenger no se alinea estrategicamente con el mejor BBC costo estrategia de los proveedores (Porter, 1980). Ademas, el desembolso de capital inicial de 787. 000 dolares para el proyecto superan los recursos disponibles de la BBC. Se recomienda que la BBC de perseguir un acuerdo a corto plazo con Hi-Valu o un minorista de descuentos que compiten para producir las bicicletas en condiciones mas favorables de credito, o de preservar una distribucion normal de la linea de productos de la BBC a traves de cadenas de distribucion alternativos. http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas Antecedentes Backgrround Analisis de la empresa Fundada en la decada de 1940, Baldwin Bicycle Company (BBC) fue un fabricante de bicicletas de gama media superior. Su linea de productos compuesta por 10 modelos, desde modelos para principiantes a los modelos de lujo de 12 velocidades. Aunque la BBC distribuye sus bicicletas a traves de varios distribuidores independientes y tiendas de articulos deportivos, no ha penetrado en el segmento de cadena de descuentos al por menor. En 1983, la BBC habia alcanzado ingresos por ventas de alrededor de $ 10 millones por ano aunque la produccion estaba operando a 98. 791 unidades en 1982-25% por debajo de su capacidad de mas de 130. 000 unidades al ano. El modelo de congruencia, desarrollado por Nadler y Tushman (1997), trata de pensar sobre las competencias de una empresa dentro de su ambiente nativo para derivar viable cursos de accion alternativos. Analisis de Industria En la decada de 1980, la industria de la bicicleta se habia recuperado de su punto mas bajo a mediados de los anos 1960 y 1970, sin embargo, la reciente explosion de material deportivo mas moderno modas, como el Pogo Ball â„ ¢ o el monopatin nueva gama dio a entender que la bicicleta antigua no recuperaria el las fuertes ventas de la decada de 1970. Apendice 1 se describe el modelo de cinco fuerzas de Porter (Porter, 1980) que se aplica a la BBC. Este modelo de ayudas en la adaptacion de alternativas dentro de la orientacion estrategica de la BBC. El Hi-Valu Proposicion Una creciente del noroeste cadena de descuento al por menor EE. UU. , Hi-Valu, se acerco a la BBC y propuso un acuerdo privado por el cual la etiqueta BBC produciria un Challenger marca de la bicicleta para Hi-Valu. Un buen ajuste aparente, Hi-Valu estima una necesidad de 25. 00 unidades al ano-un numero que traeria la produccion de la BBC hasta la capacidad, incluso en este mercado de bicicletas deprimido. Varios de los terminos propuestos Hi-Valu, sin embargo, se desvian de las practicas estandar: 1. Hi-Valu celebraria las unidades en consignacion en sus propios almacenes y retener el pago hasta la entrega en un almacen especifico; 2. Una bicicleta se pagaria un plazo de 30 dias una vez una bicicleta fue enviado a una tienda especifica o 120 dias transcurridos en el almacen regional; 3. ostos Aunque la propuesta de linea de Challenger representado significativamente creciente de producir (Hi-Valu exigio proyectos personalizados para manillares, asientos, neumaticos y envases) y la BBC no se ha configurado como proveedor de Porter de bajo costo, alta Valu pagaria 92,29 dolares por unidad-menos que el precio al por mayor de un modelo equivalente con el fin de preservar sus propios margenes. http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas Asumptions practica Asssumpttiions Prracttiicall Una serie de hipotesis fueron consideradas en este analisis: Los costos variables son lineales Este modelo de decision supone que los costes variables, tales como materiales y mano de obra, es lineal en el rango relevante, es decir, no hay descuentos por volumen en el material, y que la adicion de mas mano de obra no incurrir en gastos adicionales. Los trabajadores son eficientes Aunque la BBC esta operando a aproximadamente el 75% de la capacidad, este modelo supone que los trabajadores no estan ociosos, sino que los rabajadores estan trabajando de forma individual a pleno rendimiento, pero solo los trabajadores suficiente para producir la cantidad necesaria se han programado. Estimados de Hi-Valu se precisa Knott estima que 25. 000 unidades por ano se venderian, ademas, se especulo que una unidad se sentaba en el almacen, en promedio, dos meses, a pesar de Hi-Valu estarian dispuestos a adquirir unidades en el almacen durante cuatro meses de forma automatica. BBC actual indice de ro tacion de inventario es 2,92, o aproximadamente 4 meses. A pesar de Hi-Valu es una cadena de descuento y que probablemente habria una rotacion de inventarios superior a la BBC, que vende solo a traves de articulos deportivos y tiendas especializadas de bicicletas, Knott mismo declaro que Hi-Valu tenia dificultades para pronosticar las ventas de bicicletas. Los niveles de ventas son coherentes Precio medio de venta se aproxima el 1982 los ingresos por ventas distribuidos en 98. 791 unidades: $ 05,110 bicicletas 791,98000,872,10 $ Units1982Revenues Vendido 1982 Precio de Venta Promedio === Cada bicicleta se supone que se vendera por 110,05 dolares. Aunque la linea de la BBC esta formada por 10 modelos diferentes, el precio medio fue utilizado en los calculos. Analisis Financiero Anallysiis Fiinanciiall Analisis de costos pertinentes Analisis de costos relevantes se utilizo para generar alternativas. Costes y los ingresos se consideran relevantes solo si se aplican a la situacion bajo estudio y no de otra. Apendice 4 se describe el analisis de costos correspondientes. Dado ofrecen Hi-Valu para comprar participaciones en 92,29 dolares, esto se traduce en un margen de contribucion unitario de $ 23. 9 ($ 577,250. 00 para 25. 000 unidades). Esta cantidad, sin embargo, seria compensado por una perdida prevista de 3. 000 de las unidades regulares de la BBC venden a traves de los canales tradicionales. Aunque se puede argumentar que esta disminucion de 3. 000 unidades en las ventas puede ocurrir incluso si la BBC rechaza la oferta y un acuerdo es alcanzado con otro fabricante de la bicicleta, se diferencia del escenario base, que asume que las ventas se mantendran en linea con los niveles de 1982, por lo que , la perdida de ventas es relevante. Esto resultaria en una perdida de $ 115,155. 16 en ventas ($ 38. 39 por bicicleta mas de 3. 000 unidades). Incluso absorber esta perdida estimada de 3. 000 unidades, la BBC se daria cuenta de un aumento de los ingresos netos de $ 457,094. 84. Este proyecto, al menos desde el costo relevante o punto de vista de los ingresos, es rentable. http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas Requisitos de capital Si acepta la postura de la BBC Hi-Valu, tendra que llevar a cabo un aumento significativo en el capital de trabajo para financiar el programa Challenger. De acuerdo con el apendice 4, el costo adicional pertinentes del programa Challenger seria 31,51 dolares por unidad, o $ 787,631. 94 mas de los aproximadamente 25. 000 unidades al ano. Renegociar de pago (flujo de caja) Condiciones Los terminos anormales impuestas por Hi-Valu expondria a riesgos innecesarios BBC flujo de caja. Aunque el gasto mensual promedio de $ 65,645. 83 por mes, Hi-Valu seguramente haria que su primer pago por valor del primer mes de bicicletas ($ 192,270. 08), solo tres meses en la oferta (Knott calcula una espera de dos meses en el almacen regional, entonces el pago despues de 30 dias). Janie, in Zora Neale Hurston's EssayHuffy Corporation produce estos otros vehiculos sin motor o humanpowered como una extension de su linea de productos bicicleta desde las tecnologias relacionadas. Dado que el mercado de bicicletas se encuentra en un declive, los productos alternativos podria ayudar a las ventas de suplementos. Estos nuevos productos podrian ser patentables que proporciona hasta 20 anos de proteccion (a partir de su fecha de prioridad internacional de solicitudes de patentes) y por lo tanto proporcionar algunos medios de ventaja competitiva. Estos productos deben estar alineados con los objetivos estrategicos de la BBC y la altura de sus factores clave de exito. Los monopatines y otros dispositivos de propulsion humana estan ganando popularidad de manera exponencial. Estos dispositivos pueden aprovechar la capacidad existente de produccion para explotar nuevos mercados. Identificar y aprovechar las eficiencias de operacion BBC esta realizando en la actualidad vuelve por debajo del promedio de la inversion. Esto parece indicar que no esta haciendo un uso optimo de sus recursos; mas lejos, es muy apalancadas con una alta relacion deuda-capital, sin embargo, en comparacion con Huffy Corporation, es no hacer un uso eficiente de esta capital. ineficiencias de operacion deben ser identificados mediante el analisis de flujo de trabajo y diagramas de Ishikawa. analisis de Pareto a traves de los principales paquetes de software estadistico barata puede ayudar a identificar las pocas actividades criticas que son responsables de la mayor parte de las ineficiencias. Estos pueden ser dirigidos. Los nuevos objetivos de rendimiento se pueden desarrollar en forma conjunta con el personal directivo y empleados. Estas medidas deben ser seguidos muy de cerca para asegurar que se cumplan. SSeennssi IIT IIT TTI iivvi ttyy IISS llyyssi AAnnaal Debe lograr ventas de 25. 000 unidades incrementales Con el fin de hacer una diferencia significativa, las ventas previstas de 25. 000 unidades por ano se deben alcanzar. El analisis de sensibilidad pone de manifiesto que si los resultados de bicicletas depresion del mercado de las ventas de solo 10. 00 unidades que se venden a Hi-Valu, el rendimiento de la inversion mejoraria en solo 0,72%. Este es un riesgo importante debido a que el mercado de bicicletas ha estado en una mala racha, y aun mas debido a la vacilacion Hi-Valu a pagar por las bicicletas hasta los cuatro meses habia pasado en el almacen. Si solo se vendieron 20. 000 unidades en 1983, los ingresos netos mejoraria solo el 16%, resultando en un minimo de mejora de rendimiento de la inversion, sin embargo, este uso de tiempos muertos seguiria siendo beneficioso. De acuerdo con solucionador de MS Excel, aumenta optimo rendimiento de las inversiones que se lograria mediante la venta de 32. 930 unidades Challenger de Hi-Valu. Esta completamente usaria la capacidad de produccion. Si Hi-Valu requiere ninguna unidad adicional a los 32. 930, que no se deben producir, porque para hacerlo, BBC tendria que abandonar la produccion de su linea normal (que tiene una contribucion marginal mas alto) o anadir mas capacidad de la planta , lo que requeriria demasiado grande un desembolso de capital que sean factibles. http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas Apendice 1a: 1a Analisis Apppendiix:: Empresa Anallysiis STRENGTHHS WEAKNESES de plantilla de la marca superiores a la media de fiabilidad canales de distribucion Alquiler de equipos necesarios trabajadores no sindicalizados verano estudiante rompe se asemejan a las horas punta Aproveche funcionamiento relativamente baja aparente falta de poder de negociacion relativamente smal seguir bajo costo del segmento profesional: menos economias de escala demasiado pequeno para competir con los fabricantes multinacionales OPORTUNIDADES AMENAZAS Los grandes almacenes no se utilizan como canal de distribucion Nueva ruedas de articulos deportivos, tales como monopatines, patinetes, etc, se pueden introducir nuevos productos mercado de bicicletas deprimida modas (por ejemplo, patinetas, bolas pogo , y otros articulos deportivos explotando en popularidad en la decada de 1980) compras de la comparacion: Los clientes podran reconocer la calidad de la BBC a precios mas bajos y elija Hi-Valu modelos sobre los modelos de la marca BBC SSTTRREENNGGTTHSS WEEAAKKNNEESSS SSEESS TTHHRREEAATTSS PRODUCTOS MERCADO bicicleta completa linea de productos icicletas para principiantes a los modelos de lujo de 12 velocidades superiores a la media de gama media de productos Independientemente de propiedad de los minoristas: de articulos deportivos, tiendas de hardware juguetes tiendas, tiendas de bicicletas Los objetivos superiores a la media de gama media del mercado bicicleta, pero no especializados (BMX, carreras, etc) OBJETIVOS COMPETITVEAADVANT AGE Lograr la industria a la media de retorno de la inversion procesos de fabricacion de plantilla que produce una calidad superior a la media PPRROODDUUCCTT MMAARRKKEETT CCOOMMPPEETTIITTVVEE ADDVVAANNTTAAGGEE ssmaalllll bbaarrggaaiinniinngg http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas AA Consulte el Apendice 1b: Cinco fuerzas de Porter 1b pppendiix Modelo:: Fiive Porrtterr de Forrces Modell SUSTITUTOS †¢ Hi-Valu ya establecer marcas de la casa en muchos productos †¢ Si no hay fabricantes de bicicletas aceptar la oferta, pueden limitarse a establecer ofertas de hoteles en otros segmentos de productos deportivos populares †¢ P. ej monopatines explosion en popularidad a principios de los anos 1980; RIVALIDAD ENTRE LOS VENDEDORES COMPETIR Knott consejos de otros proveedores dispuestos a aceptar Challenger oferta-evidenciado por leaway poco en 92,29 dolares el precio †¢ Depresion otros fabricantes de bicicletas en el mercado puede aceptar la oferta de Hi-Valu si Baldwin no †¢ Puede perder ventas 3000 unidad competidor que acepta la oferta de Hi-Valu SUPLIERS †¢ Puede ser capaz de compensar los costos de materiales adi cionales mediante acuerdos de credito con los proveedores †¢ la rentabilidad a corto plazo las relaciones cruciales para mantener el proveedor y el credito SSUUPPP PPLLIIEERRSS COMPRADORES gran poder de †¢ Impuesto de precios no comprar abiertos a la negociacion †¢ Descuento cadena minorista †¢ Proponer anormales condiciones del contrato †¢ Darse cuenta de mercado de las bicicletas esta deprimido para ejercer presion sobre los fabricantes Los posibles nuevos †¢ gastos de capital relativamente grande para entrar en el mercado Relativamente dificil †¢ Para salir del mercado debido a la gran inversion de capital †¢ Industria de bicicletas que no son atractivos a principios de 1980 http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas AA Consulte el Apendice 2: Nadler Tushman de Congruencia pppendiix Modelo 2:: Nadllerr y Modell Tushman de Congrruency CCCompetenciiies †¢ bicicleta superiores a la media de fabricacion †¢ Mediados de la capacidad †¢ Funcionar en la capacidad †¢ Baja eficiencia operativa SETS oomppeetteenncc Cultura Organizacional †¢ la cultura formal OOrrggaanniizzaattiioonnaall CCuullttuurree TTTask kks †¢ Investigar alianzas estrategicas con cadenas de distribucion alternativo †¢ Investigar nuevas ofertas de productos †¢ Segmento de mercado ss Aass FFFormalll Arangements OOOrganiiizatiiion †¢ Estructura Funcional †¢ Proyecto basado en equipos Trabajo flexible equipos †¢ No limitada por los convenios colectivos oorrmaa rrggaann zzaatt llaa AArrr rraannggeemeennttss SSStrategy Mejor proveedor de costo estrategia Considerar alternativas a la estrategia de Porter proveedor de bajo coste ttrraatteeggyy EEEnviiironment / / / RRResources / / / HHHiiis tory Reconocimiento de la marca de plantilla Deprimido mercado de bicicletas Importantes barreras de entrada con experiencia (~ 40 anos) la empresa La diversidad de productos medial fiabilidad superiores a la media del producto rroonnmeenntt nnvv eessoouurrcceess ssttoorryy OOOutputs / / / OOObbbjjjectiiives Objetivo retorno de la inversion del 15 por ciento Formar alianzas estrategicas con distribuidores alternativos Desarrollar nuevos productos en linea con los objetivos estrategicos Segmento-Meta-posicion de mercado -Trate de identificar y explotar las eficiencias operativas uuttppuuttss vveess eecctt http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas Apendice 3: Ejemplos de Marketing Apppendiix 3:: Modells Marrkettiing Modelos de Segmentacion Varios modelos cuantitativos de gran alcance estan disponibles para segmentar un mercado basado en los datos de la investigacion de mercados (cluster y analisis discriminante) o datos basadas en el comportamiento de compra (segmentacion basada en la eleccion a traves logit multinomial o modelos logit binomial). Aunque estos modelos son faciles de implementar en software, recursos informaticos eran caros y menos disponibles en 1982 que hoy. Las siguientes son los modelos siguientes: La segmentacion basada en la eleccion: ? + =) exp (b11 Probabilit0iixb ofy Compra Cuando b = importancia de la variable X = valor de la variable Analisis de Cluster Server de Ward Ward (1963) describio un metodo de segmentacion basado en datos de investigacion de mercados. Se trata de un procedimiento jerarquico donde los individuos se les asigna un relativamente el uno al otro en una estructura de arbol. Similar en concepto a una regresion lineal, los grupos se asignan de tal manera que la suma de cuadrad os del error (SEE) se reduce al minimo entre todas las posibles asignaciones: == ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? -= kjniniijjijjjXnX112121ESS Donde Xij representa la intencion de compra de puntuacion para el individuo i-esimo en el cluster j. K representa el numero de grupos en cada etapa n representa el numero de individuos en el grupo j. Mapas perceptuales BBC deberia considerar la construccion de un mapa perceptual por el que las ofertas de bicicleta son desarrollados y producidos de tal manera que los clientes en los segmentos objetivo de ver la bicicleta como unico y valora mas que la oferta de un competidor. Un esquema de ese tipo para la BBC podria ser construido, con precios economicos (mayor a menor precio de lista) en el eje y una medida de la confiabilidad cuantitativa sobre el eje X, el trazado de los distintos modelos de la BBC con modelos de la competencia. Referencias Refferrences DA Nadler y Tushman ML. 1997. Un modelo de congruencia para resolver problema de organizacion. En la gestion estrategica de innovacion y cambio: Una coleccion de lecturas. Oxford University Press. Nueva York. Ward J. 1963. Agrupacion jerarquica para optimizar una funcion objetivo. Revista de la Asociacion Americana de Estadistica. 8: 236-44. http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas FFFIINNNAAANNNCCCIIAAALLL AAANNNAAALLLYYYSSSIIISSS II http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicl etas Ingresos StatementFor el ano terminado el 31 de diciembre, de 1983Dollars000s dollarsSales Revenues13, 179,250. 00 Costo $ 13179 $ de Sold9 Bienes, 775,000. 00 9775 Margin3 Gross, 404,250. 00 3404 Expenses2 venta y administrativos, 834,667. 2 2,835 Ingresos Antes de Taxes569, 582. 68 570 Impuesto sobre la Renta Expense262, 513. 80 263 Net Income307 , $ 307 $ 068. 89 Aumento con respecto 1982:20. 42% en IncomeReturn neto de la inversion: 9,90% Mejora de ROI20. 39% en 1982 http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas Clave RatiosReturn financiera en los assets0. 03 Rendimiento de la equity0. 08 turnover2. 92 Inventario Cuentas por cobrar el volumen de negocios-Dias para recoger las cuentas por cobrar-Total Activos Turnover1. 34 ratio0. 54 actual de la deuda con la equidad ratio1. 50 http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas ttp://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas http://RobinCheung. Ca Baldwin empresa de bicicletas I I I I SSSEEENNNSSSIITTTIIVVVIITT TYYY AAANNNAAALLLYYYSSSIIISSS::: 111000,,, 000000000 UUUNNNIITTTSSS IIINNNCCCOOOMMMEEE SSSTTTAAATTTEEEMMMEEENNNTTT Ingresos StatementFor el ano terminado el 31 de diciembre de 1983DollarsSales Revenues11, 794,900. 00 $ Costo de las mercancias Sold8, 737,000. 00 Margin3 Gross, venta 057,900. 00 y Expenses2 Administrativo, 546,266. 93 Ingresos Antes Taxes511, 633. 07 Impuesto sobre la Renta Expense235, 805. 52 Income275 neto, 827,56 $ Aumento con respecto 1982:8. 17%

Circus World Essays - Elephant, Circus, Carol Buckley,

Circus World Finally, after what seemed like a year in the car, we were there. I was ready to get out and see this Circus Museum that my mom had always talked about. We spent another day making the great trek from our car to the entrance. I looked up at the old man selling tickets, but it was not an old man, it was a clown! This place may have some promise after all. The gate opened and I walked through. I could smell the musk of the animals, the sweetness of the cotton candy, and the salty aroma of the popcorn all in one whiff of the air. We walked around for a while on the gritty orange sand. This is just like the stuff they have on the ground of a real circus! Mom, I wanna see the elephants! Soon enough, Joshua. After the longest soon enough of my life, we went to the elephant show. It was so great! There was a tall gateway into an unlit corridor. Suddenly, a man in a bright red suit with big long tails came running out. Behind him was what seemed like thousands of lumbering gray beasts. There was something beautiful and graceful about the way their giant snouts swayed to-and-frow. The trainer got them to do anything that he wanted just by saying it. The elephants even stood up on their hind legs and jumped in the air. I loved the way they looked, so natural and happy. The rest of the day is just a blur from me; erased by the passing of time. All that I remember was right when I excitedly bounced into the car, I turned to my mom and simply stated, Elephants are my favorite animal, Mommy! Thirteen years of my life shot by. I learned so much more about elephants causing me to fall even further in love with them. I also learned many things about them, which are not so great. I learned that their numbers in the wild were dwindling down to a near nonexistence. Also, I saw the atrocities they were put through to get them to do those great tricks. I had gone to a percussion camp for two weeks in Ohio, so when my parents picked me up, we (more they) decided we would stop at the Circus World Museum on the way home. Everything was as I remembered it, except not nearly as exciting. We walked around and looked at everything. It all seemed sort of old and run down with this strange musty smell everywhere. I was very bored. Then we got to the elephants. This could be fun. I could not believe what I was seeing. I dont remember those chains. At the first look at their bindings I my heart immediately sank and I got dizzy. The elephants could only move about two feet in any direction. I turned and noticed the five-year-old child watching and poking the poor defenseless elephants. That just made me sicker because I could remember doing the same thing just thirteen short years ago. I cant stand to see this Mom. Lets go. She did not even look at me. We continued to watch the elephant show. I could not look away from that poor elephant being poked by the little me. Thats it folks! Does anyone have any questions? Suddenly my controversial mind went into overdrive. Yes, sir, what is your question? I looked around and realized she was talking to me. I was just wondering how you feel about the issue of cruelty in the training of performing animals. Also, how would you like being shocked by a cattle prod? I felt a huge tug on my arm and I was suddenly in the car heading home. Elephants are still my favorite animal. It is so amazing how much better the world looked when I was five. I did not see the pain the poor animal was going through. Even though I feel terrible when I think of the treatment of the elephants, I am glad I know about it because I am now an active advocate of animal rights and will not rest until circus animal training is ended. Social Issues

8 Most Common IELTS Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

8 Most Common IELTS Mistakes and How to Avoid Them Here is a list of eight most common IELTS pitfalls that cost test takers precious points. More is less. A very common mistake is to answer in more words than instructed. If the task says Not more than 3 words, answering in 4 or more words will definitely cost marks.Less is less. The length of a written task is crucial. When instructions mention a minimal number of words (250 for an essay, 150 for report or letter), it means that any work shorter than required will be penalized.A longer essay doesnt mean a better mark. Another common misconception is that longer essays score better in IELTS. Not only is this a myth, but also a dangerous one. Writing a long essay can indirectly cost marks because the chances of making mistakes increase with the number of words and sentences.Changing the subject is unacceptable. Every so often a student is asked to write on a topic, that he doesnt understand. To avoid the disaster of missing a whole task they decide to write on a slightly – or entirely - different topic. The sad fact is that no matter how beautiful the submitted work is, the wrong topic means a zero score. Another similar pitfall is to omit parts of the given topic or ignore the guidelines in your work. Every point the topic refers to needs to be covered because the examiners will be actually counting them. A good memory can get you in trouble. Having seen that the topics sometimes repeat, smart students with good memory decide to memorize essays. This is a terrible mistake to make because the examiners are trained to look for memorized essays and have firm instructions to disqualify such works on the spot.An accent is not important. Pronunciation is. IELTS, being a test for non-native English speakers cant penalize people for having an accent. The problem here is that not everyone knows the difference between speaking with an accent and mispronouncing the words. No matter how strong an accent a person has, the words are to be pronounced correctly or it will cost marks.It is not the ideas that are important, but the way they are described in. Many students think that expressing the wrong ideas (whether it is an essay, letter or discussion) can harm their score. The truth is that no idea can be wrong and the ideas are not important on their own, it is the way they are expressed in that i mportant. Connective words: the more is not always the better. Smart students know that one of the essays marking criteria is coherence and cohesion, and what better way is there to demonstrate cohesion than to use lots of connective words, right? Wrong. Overuse of connective words is a known problem, which is easily recognized and penalized by the examiners. A word of advice: to stay out of trouble, it is equally important to be aware of the pitfalls and to practice enough before the exam. Being familiar with the structure and the procedure of the test will build up confidence and that will reflect in your score. This article was kindly provided by Simone Braverman who runs an excellent IELTS blog full of useful information and tips on taking the IELTS exam.

Information system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Information system - Essay Example ut to be a hassle for the passengers and were internationally a shame as several flights got cancelled and many international passengers faced troubles due to the mismanaged system. The infrastructure of the terminal had turned out to be very good but in regard to serving the passengers a convenient and comfortable experience, the terminal greatly failed. Some of the major problems with the terminal operations were with the baggage, the security system, the car parking, and the enormous building that had no maps or help-lines. The BAA did not also have the information system in place as it was unreachable by the staff members. Some workers also said that they could not log into the computer system and those who could log into it, did not know how to operate it properly. The information system was installed and for the baggage handling duties to be allocated amongst the staff members, there was a Resource Management System. Thus, the workers did not know their duties when they reached their work areas which affected the baggage handling, and thus delayed flights. The information system was not effective as staff members and workers weren’t able to use it efficiently. Moreover, the security system and the handling of the enormous place were also not managed creating troubles for the passengers. An effective information system could have helped the terminal 5 to avoid the disaster as it would have enabled better management, better security systems, and a better baggage handling system which had been the major cause for the delay and cancellation of flights as well as the difficulties to the passengers. The baggage system had failed which is why most of the problems occurred. A good baggage system would have been efficient in helping the handling of the baggage and it would not have clogged the system. Moreover, the car parking spaces had become an issue as there was no navigation for the huge space so staff members were unable to find parking spaces for a long

CURRENT ISSUES IN FIRST LINE MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

CURRENT ISSUES IN FIRST LINE MANAGEMENT - Essay Example Robinson and Sons Limited† is concentrated then it will be realized that there are certain flaws because of which the organization’s performance is getting worst. On the first sight some of these flaws seem to be: But if we concentrate deeply on the scenario, we will find that these flaws often occur other organization’s life e.g. a clerk becomes ill, but these organization does not suffer from bad performance because of their better first line management. So in the case of â€Å"A.J. Robinson and Sons Limited† the principle cause behind the bad performance is, flaws in the performance of first line manager (John Jones), i.e. He does not allow his workers to give their opinion and asks them to â€Å"mind their own business† then how better employer or departmental communication could be developed. So because of this reason whole flow of work is disturbed and organization is suffering from bad performance. In the next sections we will put some light on current issues in first line management and some suggestion or recommendation to make the activities of first line management more effective. Creating a pool of well trained and capable first line managers is a key challenge for todays organizations. First line management can be one of the most challenging tasks within an organization. These are the managers or supervisors who are responsible for those who do not manage others, for ensuring goals are met, quality is improved, new working techniques are implemented and whether or not customers are satisfied.   Often first line managers have been promoted because of their technical expertise and can then find themselves holding a new title without the attributes and training to have this new and highly significant role. In spite of the challenges confronted by the first line management, it is a task that often gives great business satisfaction and can be greatly agreeable. The diversity of the tasks carrying out in the first line management

Writting paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Writting paper - Essay Example Even the terrible thought of getting beheaded by the king does not let down the protagonist in the beginning. And even in such a terrible situation the protagonist is brave enough to face the king who is going to behead him. But here also the fate of the protagonist works and the king’s heart melts. The hero then goes through many unexpected journeys of life in which he is also sold as a slave. He is treated inferior to other individuals because of the race to he belongs. And moreover he is conned by many of his fellow beings. The hero is seen as a person who has strong faith in his God because of which he cannot see foul play in this world. He is unaware of the thoughts which the people have in this world about him. And even though he has many opportunities to revenge from the individuals that have done bad to him, he does not take revenge. He rather believes in the notion that he would get a better life hereafter if he lets go these individuals. The hero is seen to be very innocent too as when it is seen that he trusts people too easily. And because of this trust he loses a great amount of property that he has made in his life. The story depicts the life of an innocent individual who is seen to be bestowed with mercy at many instances by the God. It is seen that the individua l at lot of instances has been helped by God. In situations in which he has no one God provides him a path through which he can be able to survive. The story gives a platform for the believers to learn that usually the hardcore believers of God are shown paths by themselves and these believers should not lose hope no matter how harsh the situation is. It depicts that the world is full of individuals who are both nice and ugly. But it is not necessary that the ugly people should be given a bad

Contract Law Essays XYZ Building Services Ltd

Contract Law Essays XYZ Building Services Ltd X, the MD of XYZ Building Services Ltd, is considering drafting a standard set of terms and conditions to use in contracts with his customers. Write a report for him explaining What steps he needs to take to ensure that the standard terms are in fact part of any contract he makes with a customer The extent to which he is free to include any term he wants in his standard terms and The provisions of contract law about termination and breach of contract which he may wish to take into account when drafting his standard terms. Background: In order for the customer and XYZ to be bound by standard terms and conditions there should be a set of criterion filled. These conditions should be treated as exclusion clauses as they are the extreme conditions to be enforced. For these standard terms and conditions to be enforced there needs to be a valid contract, which means that four requirements have to be fulfilled. A valid contract must have the following elements; offer; acceptance; consideration; capacity; and intention. These are present in this contract when XYZ offers his work and the customer accepts verbally or in writing. There is also intention because there is an understanding that XYZ will turn up to work on a certain day and the customer will pay a certain fee, which is evidence of consideration as the customer is at a disadvantage.This is a valid contract, however the next area to explore is whether the exclusion clause and standard terms apply because the customer has never worked with XYZ and at the verbal con tract point does not indicate what his usual terms and conditions are. Basic Requirements of Ensuring Enforceable Standard Terms and Conditions: Under contract law there are only three ways that they can be incorporated which are: By signature even if they are not read; By notice where there has to be sufficient notice By custom where there have been previous dealings between the parties even if the clause is added in later. In every case XYZ should ensure that there is case is a signature in case there is no indication of previous dealings, hence the customer may not bound by these conditions yet. Therefore one has to consider the case of notice, off hand there is no notice as XYZ fully indicates what these conditions   and the question is whether the average person would have notice, especially as XYZ is an builder and the customer as a business and these could be construed as standard conditions in the business; but this would be easy to prove as notice was given due to XYZ giving these terms and conditions before the contract was agreed and giving a good indication of their nature at this level. Unenforceable Standard Terms and Conditions In every case that a signature is required it gives rise to the opportunity where the terms were fully expressed but under contract law there could be one problem with the contract if the customer has received the contract in their hands and failed to read it the case of Alderslade v Hendon Laundry Ltd if the exclusion clause can only be construed in negligence and in certain circumstances then it is applicable and as The customer received the usual terms and conditions before XYZ started the work, i.e. they had a chance to end the contract then they are bound by them. However, the case of White v John Warwick Co has held that liability for negligence will not normally be excluded. Therefore it is still very confusing whether XYZ is excluded from the damages that the customer is seeking, therefore the statutory provisions of the UCTA and Sale and Supply of Services Act 1982 (SGSA). Is XYZ is liable for the damages that a customer may ask for? In response there is little evidence in whether the exclusion clauses should be supported or not. Under UCTA Section 2 it holds that negligence cannot be excluded in respect to personal and/or death bat all. In relation to other loss/damage liability cannot be excluded unless there is reasonable notice. Section 11 holds that the reasonable test is that the term is fair and reasonable and whether the individual should have reasonably known or in contemplation of when the contract was made. This is similar to the case law discussion; however it is written from the point that negligence can not be excluded except in strict circumstances. There was no real notice in this case, especially when the verbal contract was made. Therefore it is very likely that this clause will not be upheld as the case of Andrews Bros (Bournemouth) Ltd v Singer and Co Ltd holds that exclusion clauses against the party seeking to rely on them. Yet in relation to the damages to the customer it has to be determined if there is remoteness of damage, whereby monetary compensation can be claimed for a failure to perform a primary obligation as this is a breach and/or the loss for any breach of a secondary obligation. In respect to the negligence that has caused personal injury to persons the law states that this cannot be excluded under Section 1(2) of the UCTA, therefore it has been shown that the customer may claim for this. Reasonableness Test, Breach and Questionable Standard Terms and Conditions Again we must turn to whether there is reasonable notice to exclude liability and under the SGSA Section 16 where restricting liability for breach of implied terms arising from Sections 13-15 is subject to the reasonable test and provisions of the UCTA, where the reasonableness test is based upon the common law officious bystander test that is defined in Sir Law v Southern Foundries Ltd which is a stricter test for exclusion clauses where it has to be so reasonable and that the notice is sufficient that the officious bystander would agree to its terms. This basically holds that there are implied terms such as a reasonable quality of goods and services and that it should be completed in a reasonable quality and should be usable. This means that the exclusion of liability for faulty equipment and liability for faulty work cannot be excluded. This means that these two exclusion clauses cannot be upheld. In respect to the negligent completion of work i.e. was there reasonable excuse for the negligence. Yet it was an express term of the contract and without reasonable excuse this exclusion clause it is possibly not going to be upheld, this is rule from an early common law principle. Yet there is the question whether this is reasonable exclusion for the trade.   However, as in the case of Edmund Murray Ltd v BSP International Foundations Ltd it was held that it was not fair and reasonable for the party in breach to rely on an exclusion clause for failing to meet the specifications of the other party. Therefore this again will be subject to the reasonableness test where the test applied to the whole term and to the particular reliance on it. Therefore if it is a specific term of the contract to be finished by the certain date and made clear by The customer and XYZ did this as it was then it is very likely it can be excluded because it is a trade standard. Finally, if one considers the Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts Regulations 1999 (UTCCR) if the term does not create an unfair balance in detriment to the consumer it can be upheld. Yet as this does create an unfair balance and puts the customer at a loss then they will be protected from the exclusion clause as a consumer, even though she is acting for her business. However are the circumst ances of this variation sufficient enough for the customer to claim? If the swimming pool was properly marked the work would have been finished within the time period would variation to the contract be acceptable? Therefore is there a reasonable excuse for the variation and did both the customer and XYZ have equal bargaining power? The first question to ask is whether the circumstances that lead to the variation of the contract would have frustrated the contract, if the variation is perfectly acceptable as long as the customer was not put under duress to accept the new terms. Bibliography J. Beatson (1998) Anson’s Law of Contract 27th Edition, Oxford University Press Buyer (The), 2002, Aspects of Frustration, Buyer 24(12) Groves,   2004, Force Majeure,   Bus Ad 2.10 (2) David Kelly, Ann Holmes Ruth Hayward (2002) Business Law 4th Edition, Cavendish Lunney Oliphant, 2000, Tort Law: Text Materials, Oxford Uni Press Ewan McIntyre, (2004) Business Law, Longman

Bone Diseases :: essays research papers fc

Bone diseases most directly influence the ability to walk or to move any part of the body--hands, limbs, neck, and spine. They are related to joint disorders--ARTHRITIS, COLLAGEN DISEASE, DISLOCATION of joints, and RHEUMATISM. The medical specialty pertaining to bone disorders is ORTHOPEDICS. Fractures are the most common bone disorders. They can occur as the result of an accident or be secondary to metabolic diseases. Fractures are life-threatening to aged people having the metabolic bone disease OSTEOPOROSIS, in which bones become porous and brittle. A person, mostly women, having osteoporosis may break a hip during a fall and possibly die from complications. Birth Defects Congenital bone diseases constitute a wide spectrum, ranging from the unimportant--for instance, mild bow legs--to severe lesions, such as spina bifida, in which the lower end of the spine fails to develop properly and the baby is born with paralysis and misshapen vertebrae. Congenital diseases may have hormonal bases: for example, fibrous DYSPLASIA, in which fibrous tissue replaces that of some bones, often results in bone deformity; in addition, some girls with this disease physically mature so early that they are capable of pregnancy and childbirth at the age of seven. Congenital defects also may have genetic bases, as in families who have extra fingers or toes or in the disease osteogenesis imperfecta, in which children have such brittle bones that many are fractured. Disorders of growth and development include several kinds of dwarfism and gigantism. Bones or limbs may develop deformity as the result of known causes, such as the infection poliomyelitis, or unknown or variable causes, such as curvature of the spine (SCOLIOSIS) or CLUBFOOT. Infections Infections of bone, called osteomyelitis, are usually caused by pus-producing bacteria, especially Staphylococcus and Streptococcus. Before the development of antibiotics, children frequently contracted this disease. Today bone infections are introduced primarily through fractures and during surgical operations. People infected with syphilis, tuberculosis, leprosy, or yaws are susceptible to bone damage. Metabolic Disorders Metabolic abnormalities often involve defects in the storage of minerals, particularly calcium and phosphate ions, in the skeleton. Diseases of the kidney can cause a metabolic imbalance of phosphate and calcium so that weakening of the bone occurs. Other metabolic bone diseases are osteoporosis, gout, OSTEOARTHRITIS, and PAGET'S DISEASE. Nutritional Disorders Nutritional deficiencies that result in bone damage include RICKETS in children and osteomalacia in adults, caused by a lack of vitamin D. In children, calcium and phosphate are poorly distributed on bones during development, resulting especially in deformity of the legs and arms. In adults, bones of the spine, pelvis, and legs become demineralized and the bones weaken. SCURVY--caused by a lack of vitamin C--also affects bone tissues. A study in the late 1980s indicated that the mineral boron is nutritionally important, as well. Apparently, it reduces loss of the bone minerals